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Early Christian writings • Bible passages

Early Christian Views on the Epistle of Barnabas

Early Christians treated the Epistle of Barnabas as a real church writing, and some churches received it more widely than other non-biblical works. Tertullian says it was “more generally received among the Churches,” and Clement of Alexandria quotes Barnabas by name. The main evidence here is about early church use and reception, not a full official canon list.

104 early-church witnesses · 177 source quotations · compared with Scripture

What did early Christians believe about the Epistle of Barnabas?

Early Christian writers treated the Epistle of Barnabas as a real and widely received church writing, but the evidence for its exact status is limited. Tertullian calls it an epistle “more generally received among the Churches,” and Clement of Alexandria quotes Barnabas by name, showing that some major teachers read it as useful. The strongest direct witness in the text set is about reception and use, not a full canon list, so the case is broad but still thin on detail.

Barnabas itself also presents the work as a written exhortation meant to give readers “perfect knowledge,” which fits its early church use. Many more early Christian quotations, Bible passages, and source links are gathered below so you can study the evidence for yourself.

Key Takeaways

  • Tertullian says the Epistle of Barnabas was “more generally received among the Churches.”
  • Clement of Alexandria quotes Barnabas as a known Christian writer.
  • The letter itself says it was written so readers could have “perfect knowledge.”

Questions Answered by the Sources

How did early Christians receive the Epistle of Barnabas?

The clearest witness here is Tertullian, who says the Epistle of Barnabas was more generally received among the churches. Clement of Alexandria also cites Barnabas as a teacher, showing that it was read and used in early Christian argument and instruction.

  1. Tertullian, On Modesty Direct teaching

    Early Christian Writings · Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
    And, of course, the Epistle of Barnabas is more generally received among the Churches than that apocryphal Shepherd of adulterers.
    Read in context
  2. Tertullian, On Modesty Supporting witness

    Early Christian Writings · Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
    ...ious outrage upon modesty, without any mention of restoration. However, I wish, further, to add the testimony likewise of one particular companion of the apostles, a testimony aptly suited for confirming, by most proximate right, the discipline of his masters. For there is also an Epistle to the Hebrews under the name of Barnabas, a man sufficiently accredited by God, as one whom Paul has stationed next to himself in the uninterrupted observance of abstinence: "Or else, I alone and Barnabas, do we not have the power of working?" And, of course, the Epistle of Barnabas is more generally received among the churches than that apocryphal Shepherd of adulterers. Warning, accordingly, the disciples to omit all first principles, and rather strive after perfection, and not lay again the foundations of repentance from the works of the dead, he says: "For it is impossible that those who have once been illuminated, and have tasted the heavenly gift, and have participated in the Holy Spirit, and have tasted the word of God and found it sweet, when they shall have fallen away, their age already setting, should be again recalled unto repentance, crucifying again for themselves the Son of God,
    Read in context
  3. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies) Supporting witness

    Early Christian Writings · Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
    Barnabas, too, who in person preached the word along with the apostle in the ministry of the Gentiles, says, I write to you most simply, that you may understand.
    Read in context
  4. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies) Supporting witness

    Early Christian Writings · Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
    Rightly, therefore, the Apostle Barnabas says, From the portion I have received I have done my diligence to send little by little to you;
    Read in context

How does the Epistle of Barnabas present its own teaching?

The epistle opens by saying it is written so believers may have perfect knowledge, and it describes itself as passing on what the writer has received. That fits a letter used for instruction rather than a bare title reference.

  1. Barnabas, The Epistle of Barnabas Direct teaching

    Early Christian Writings · Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
    Considering this, therefore, that if I should take the trouble to communicate to you some portion of what I have myself received, it will prove to me a sufficient reward that I minister to such spirits, I have hastened briefly to write unto you, in order that, along with your faith, ye might have perfect knowledge.
    Read in context
  2. Barnabas, The Epistle of Barnabas Supporting witness

    Early Christian Writings · Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
    Seeing that the divine fruits of righteousness abound among you, I rejoice exceedingly and above measure in your happy and honoured spirits, because ye have with such effect received the engrafted spiritual gift.
    Read in context

Common Questions

Did early Christians read the Epistle of Barnabas?

Yes. Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria both refer to it, which shows that some early Christians knew and used it.

Did early Christians treat Barnabas like Scripture?

The clearest evidence here is that some churches received it and quoted it, but these cards do not give a full canon ruling.

Who mentioned the Epistle of Barnabas early on?

Tertullian called it more widely received among the churches, and Clement of Alexandria quoted Barnabas by name.

Source Index for the Epistle of Barnabas

The guided sections above show the strongest quotations. This compact index highlights 153 ranked source links from 177 compiled sources for deeper study.

Source index 153 ranked links shown

Early Christian Writings 80 shown of 104

Primary-source quotations from early Christian writers and church documents.

  1. Tertullian, On Modesty

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  2. Tertullian, On Modesty

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  3. Barnabas, The Epistle of Barnabas

    Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  4. Barnabas, The Epistle of Barnabas

    Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  5. Barnabas, The Epistle of Barnabas

    Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  6. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book III

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  7. Tertullian, On Modesty

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  8. Barnabas, The Epistle of Barnabas

    Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  9. Barnabas, The Epistle of Barnabas

    Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  10. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  11. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book III

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  12. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  13. Dionysius of Alexandria, Miscellaneous Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  14. Gregory Thaumaturgus, A Sectional Confession of Faith

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  15. Dionysius of Alexandria, Miscellaneous Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  16. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book III

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  17. Apostolic Constitutions, Apostolic Constitutions

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  18. Dionysius of Alexandria, Miscellaneous Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  19. Apostolic Constitutions, Apostolic Constitutions

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  20. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  21. Alexander of Alexandria, Epistles on the Arian Heresy

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  22. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  23. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  24. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  25. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  26. Apostolic Constitutions, Apostolic Constitutions

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  27. Novatian, Treatise Concerning the Trinity

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  28. Victorinus, Commentary on the Apocalypse

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  29. Pamphilus, Exposition on the Acts of the Apostles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  30. Pamphilus, Exposition on the Acts of the Apostles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  31. Pamphilus, Exposition on the Acts of the Apostles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  32. Pamphilus, Exposition on the Acts of the Apostles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  33. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  34. Ignatius, The Martyrdom of Ignatius

    Primary Text · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  35. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  36. Dionysius of Alexandria, Epistles and Epistolary Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  37. Cyprian, Epistles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  38. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  39. Pamphilus, Exposition on the Acts of the Apostles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  40. Dionysius of Alexandria, Miscellaneous Fragments

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  41. Tertullian, On Prescription Against Heretics

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  42. Justin Martyr, The Martyrdom of Justin Martyr

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  43. Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor (Paedagogus)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  44. Irenaeus, Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenæus

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  45. Apostolic Constitutions, Apostolic Constitutions

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  46. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  47. Athenagoras, The Resurrection of the Dead

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  48. Arnobius, Against the Heathen

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  49. Gregory Thaumaturgus, On the Trinity

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  50. Tertullian, Apology

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  51. Justin Martyr, The Second Apology

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  52. Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor (Paedagogus)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  53. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  54. Apostolic Constitutions, Apostolic Constitutions

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  55. Cyprian, Life and Passion of Cyprian

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #5
  56. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  57. Tertullian, Scorpiace

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  58. Justin Martyr, The First Apology

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  59. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  60. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  61. Archelaus, Disputation with Manes

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  62. Tertullian, Apology

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3
  63. Justin Martyr, Hortatory Address to the Greeks

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  64. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  65. Origen, Commentary on Matthew

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  66. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book IV

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  67. Justin Martyr, Hortatory Address to the Greeks

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  68. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata (Miscellanies)

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #2
  69. Origen, Commentary on John

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #9
  70. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book IV

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  71. Pamphilus, Exposition on the Acts of the Apostles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  72. Irenaeus, Against Heresies: Book III

    Primary Text · 2nd c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  73. Minucius Felix, Octavius

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  74. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  75. Early Liturgies, Divine Liturgy of St. Mark

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #7
  76. Ignatius of Antioch, Connection to Galatians 1:1

    Primary Text · 1st c. · Volume 1 - The Apostolic Fathers
  77. Pamphilus, Exposition on the Acts of the Apostles

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #6
  78. Ignatius of Antioch, Connection to Galatians 1:1

    Primary Text · 2nd c.
  79. Origen, Against Celsus

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #4
  80. Tertullian, On Prescription Against Heretics

    Primary Text · 3rd c. · Ante-Nicene Fathers Volume #3

Bible Passages 73 included

Related Bible passages saved for comparison with the early Christian quotations.

  1. Acts 9:27

  2. Acts 15:36

  3. Acts 15:22

  4. Galatians 2:9

  5. Acts 13:46

  6. Letter of Jeremiah 1:1

  7. Galatians 1:1

  8. Ezra 2:26

  9. 1 Esdras 2:26

  10. 2 Maccabees 2:13

  11. Ecclesiastes 2:13

  12. Acts 4:36

  13. Acts 15:25

  14. Acts 15:35

  15. Acts 15:37

  16. Galatians 2:13

  17. Acts 15:12

  18. 2 Thessalonians 2:15

  19. Acts 15:23

  20. 2 Peter 1:16

  21. Acts 11:26

  22. Acts 17:11

  23. Acts 11:25

  24. Ecclesiastes 9:18

  25. 2 Maccabees 9:18

  26. 1 Maccabees 13:3

  27. Proverbs 13:3

  28. 1 Enoch 92:1

  29. 2 Maccabees 14:38

  30. 1 Esdras 5:40

  31. Ecclesiastes 1:10

  32. 2 Maccabees 1:10

  33. Ecclesiastes 2:21

  34. 2 Maccabees 2:21

  35. 2 Maccabees 11:34

  36. 1 Maccabees 12:10

  37. Proverbs 12:10

  38. 2 Maccabees 12:2

  39. Ecclesiastes 12:2

  40. Job 4:6

  41. Judith 4:6

  42. 2 Maccabees 12:24

  43. 2 Maccabees 6:11

  44. 1 Peter 5:13

  45. 1 Peter 5:12

  46. Hebrews 13:22

  47. 3 John 1:12

  48. Acts 11:22

  49. 1 Enoch 89:77

  50. Wisdom of Sirach 36:20

  51. 2 Maccabees 11:16

  52. 4 Maccabees 13:17

  53. Isaiah 13:17

  54. Ecclesiastes 1:1

  55. 2 Maccabees 1:1

  56. Proverbs 5:10

  57. 1 Enoch 108:1

  58. 1 Maccabees 11:31

  59. Proverbs 11:31

  60. 1 Maccabees 16:24

  61. Proverbs 16:24

  62. 1 Maccabees 12:17

  63. Proverbs 12:17

  64. 1 Maccabees 14:18

  65. Proverbs 14:18

  66. Proverbs 3:25

  67. 1 Maccabees 3:25

  68. Hebrews 11:2

  69. Proverbs 14:19

  70. 1 Maccabees 14:19

  71. Proverbs 15:24

  72. 1 Maccabees 15:24

  73. 2 Maccabees 12:42

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